Widely used dialectal forms are included, even if they are not considered standard in either of the written norms: those of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (based on central Catalan) and the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (based on common Valencian). Each verbal form is accompanied by its phonetic transcription. This article discusses the conjugation of verbs in a number of varieties of Catalan, including Old Catalan. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. I hope this helps you understand these finer points.This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It could be correct in a very specific context, but in general we wouldn't use it. So you are right in thinking that sentence 2 above isn't correct, at least in most situations. But most of the time we'd just say 'I love the new TV series'. In this example, the TV series is still not complete and my use of the continuous could be showing this, or it could be showing that I'm surprised that I'm liking it (it's something new for me to enjoy this kind of programme). to describe something changing or developing: 'I'm loving the new TV series'. We can still use a continuous form to communicate one of its common meanings, e.g. Third, it's not impossible for a stative verb to be used in a continuous form - it's just unusual. 'How long did the First World War last?') (You could use 'how long' to speak only about the past, e.g. Second, in a question like 'How long have you had the flu?' (or the other two questions), it's the verb form (present perfect simple or present perfect continuous) that communicates the idea of a time period beginning in the past that has a connection with the present. I'd recommend saying just 'how long', which communicates the idea you want. First of all, 'since how long' sounds a little strange to me. You clearly understand these verb forms in general, but there are a few small points that aren't completely correct. We use other modals with the perfect when we are looking back from a point in time. You didn't ask me or I would have helped you. I would have helped you, but you didn't ask me. If you had asked me, I would have helped you. We use would with the perfect to refer to something that did not happen in the past: In a few years they will have discovered a cure for the common cold. We use will with the perfect to show that something will be complete at or before some time in the future: He had been playing ever since he was a teenager. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up to a time in the past or was important at that time in the past:Įverything was wet. Teresa wasn't at home. She had gone shopping. I couldn't get into the house. I had lost my keys. for something that happened in the past and is important at a later time in the past:.I hadn't met him before, even though I had met his wife several times. My eighteenth birthday was the worst day I had ever had. when we are reporting our experience up to a point in the past:.When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly 50 years. for something that started in the past and continued up to a later time in the past:.We normally use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that something is still continuing in the present: for something that happened in the past but is important in the present:.He has written three books and he is working on another one. I 've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager. when we are talking about our experience up to the present:.They' ve been married for nearly 50 years. for something that started in the past and continues in the present:.She will have left home by 8.30, so she will not be able to answer the phone. We use will with the perfect to look back from a time in the future:īy next year I will have worked in Italy for 15 years. She had left home, so she could not answer the phone. I had enjoyed working in Italy for the past five years. We use the past perfect to look back from a time in the past: She has left home, so she cannot answer the phone. We use the present perfect to look back from the present: We use perfect aspect to look back from a specific time and talk about things up to that time or about things that are important at that time.
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